Sound generating means



June 25, 1963 H. o. SCHWARTZ ETAL SOUND GENERATING MEANS 4 Sheets-Sheet1 Filed Feb. 13, 1961.

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SOUND GENERATING MEANS 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Feb. 13, 1961 UnitedStates Patent 3,095,467 SOUND GENERATING MEANS Harold 0. Schwartz andAnthony C. Ippolito, North Tonawanda, and William V. Machanian, NiagaraFalls, N.Y., assignors to The Wurlitzer Company, Chicago, 111., acorporation of Ohio Filed Feb. 13, 1961, Ser. No. 88,908 3 Claims. (Cl.84-1.25)

The present invention relates to electronic musical instruments such aselectronic organs, and more particularly to the production of musicalsound from electronic tone signals.

One object of the invention is to provide new and improved means forproducing musical sounds with controlled music-al effects fromelectronic tone signals.

Another object is to provide, for producing musical sounds with avibrato effect from electronic tone signals requiring amplification, newand improved sound generating means comprising electronic amplifyingstructure and vibrato speaker means which are correlated with each otherin a manner which provides for efiicient cooling of the amplifyingstructure as an incident to operation of the speaker means to generatesounds with a vibrato effect.

Another object is to provide improved sound generating means whichresponds to electronic tone signals to produce musical sounds withcontrolled vibrato or chorus effects in a highly efficient manner whicheffectively avoids distortion and acoustical interference with theproduction of sound.

Another object is to provide improved sound producing means whichresponds to electronic tone signals to produce musical sounds withresonance at one or more frequencies within the audio range which can becontrolled independently of the acoustical resonance of the soundproducing structure.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the followingdescription of the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings, inwhich:

FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a sound or tone cabinet incorporatingone exemplary embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a horizontal sectional view, taken along the line 2--2 of FIG.1;

FIG. 3 is a fragmentary vertical sectional View, taken along the line 33of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a simplified diagrammatic illustration of the electroniccircuitry used in producing the sound;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a sound or tone cabinet incorporating asecond illustrative embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a vertical sectional view, taken along the lin 66 of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a horizontal sectional view taken along the line 7-7 of FIG.6; 7

FIG. 8 is a horizontal sectional veiw, taken along the line 8-8 of FIG.6;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the rotary high frequency speaker andsupport assembly used in the tone cabinet of FIG. 5; I

FIG. 10 is a fragmentary sectional view taken with reference to line1010 of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a longitudinal sectional view of the rotor assembly, takenwith reference to line 11-11 of FIG. 9; and

FIG. 12 is a diagrammatic illustration of electronic circuitry used inthe second embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 5.

Having reference to the drawings in greater detail, the first embodimentof the invention illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4, and identified in FIGURE 1by the number 10 operates .to provide musical sound with a controllable3,095,467 Patented June 25, 1963 ICC 2 vibrato elfect from electronictone signals requiring amplification. Such electronic tone signals aresupplied from a suitable tone generator 12, FIG. 4, which may be acomponent part of an electronic organ.

All the structural components of the physical embodiment of theinvention used in producing musical sound with a controllable vibratoeffect from the electronic signals supplied by the tone generator 12 andrequiring amplification are physically integrated together within a verycompact sound or tone cabinet 14, FIG. 1, in a manner which provides forvery efiicient operation of the sound producing means under veryfavorable operating conditions which enable all the structure to operatereliably and efiiciently over a long service life.

As shown, the sound cabinet 14 has a rectilinear shape. A horizontalpartition 16 supportedwithin the cabinet 14 coacts with the cabinet todefine a relatively large bass reflex chamber 18 underlying thepartition, and a much smaller and relatively :thin high frequencychamber 20 located immediately above the partition.

A low frequency or bass speaker 22 is mounted inside the bass reflexchamber =18 and communicates directly with the external environmentthrough an acoustical opening 24 in the adjacent sidewall 26 of thecabinet. A second acoustical opening 28 in the sidewall 26 connects thespace within the bass reflex chamber 18 to the external environment.

A high frequency or treble speaker 30, which is used to generate highfrequency sound without a vibrato effect,

18 coacts with the cabinet wall 26 to isolate the high fre- I quencyspeaker 30 from low frequency pressure effects produced wihtin thechamber 18 by the speaker 22, thus avoiding distortion of the operationof the speaker 30 by the speaker 22.

High frequency sound with a vibrato effect is generated within thevibrato chamber 20 by means of a sound generating rotor 40 whichcomprises a horizontal speaker support or arm 42 mounted within thechamber 20 for rotation about a vertical axis.

Two high frequency or treble speakers 44 are mounted on one end of thearm in radially spaced relation to the axis of rotation 46 of the arm.The rotor 40 is balanced by an adjustable counterweight 48 supported onthe end of the arm 42 opposite from the speakers 44.

The rotor 40 is driven by an electric motor 50 which is connectedthrough a small driving pulley 52 on the motor, a belt 54 and a largedriving pulley 56 to the rotor. The motor 50 and pulleys 52 and 56' aredesigned to rotate the rotor 40 at a speed of approximately six andone-half revolutions per second which corresponds to a most desirablefrequency for the vibrato effect to be produced in the sound generatedin the vibrato chamber 20.

Having reference to FIG. 4, the electronic tone signals supplied fromthe generator 12 are amplified by an amplifier 60 and fed to across-over network 62 which separates the sound signals according tofrequency. The low frequency sound signals are supplied to drive the lowfrequency speaker 22 in the bass reflex chamber 18. The high frequencysignals from the cross-over network 62 are supplied to a three-positionselector switch 64.

When turned to the vibrato position illustrated in FIG. 4, the selectorswitch 64 connects the high frequency output of the cross-over network62 to only the two rotating speakers 44, thus energizing the speakers 44while the stationary high frequency speaker 30 remains silent. The.

rotary motion of the speakers 44 effects modifications in the pattern ofsound emanating from the speakers with the result that the sound asheard by a listener has a pleasing vibrato quality.

The sound generated within the vibrato chamber 20 passes out throughacoustical openings 66 in the side of the cabinet 14.

Movement of the selector switch 64 to a second extreme position connectsthe high frequency output of the cross-over network 62 to only thestationary high frequency speaker 30, leaving the rotating speakers 44silent. The efiect of this is to produce sound without any vibratoeffect or without any chorus effect, which will be described presently.

Movement of the switch 64 to a third or chorus position connects thehigh frequency output of the cross-over network 62 to the rotatingspeakers 44 and also to the stationary high frequency speaker 30. Withreference to FIG. 4, the chorus position of the switch 64 is between thetwo extreme switch positions previously mentioned.

It has been found that the production of high frequency sound by therotating speakers 44 simultaneously with the production of highfrequency sound by the stationary speaker 30 achieves a highly pleasingand most desirable musical effect in the over-all sound output of allthe speakers, which effect can be most accurately described as a choruseffect. The vibrato effect in the sound emanating from the rotatingspeakers 44 harmonizes pleasingly with the sound emanating from thestationary speaker 30 without vibrato quality.

The selector switch 64 is mounted in a conveniently accessible positionon the sound cabinet 14, to enable the user to produce a musical soundwith or without either the vibrato effect or the chorus effect withwhich the system is capable of producing sound. It will be understoodthat the switch 64 can be installed in any other desired position whichprovides the greatest convenience to the user. The capability of thesound producing system to selectively introduce controlled vibrato orchorus effects into the sound produced, greatly increases theversatility and musical capabilities of the sound system.

The amplifier 60 used to drive the speakers inherently generates heat ata substantial rate which tends to heat up the amplifier structure totemperatures which can cause premature deterioration of the amplifierand create other difficulties. However, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, theamplifier 60 is housed within the compact cabinet 14 and integrated withthe rotating speaker structure in a manner which effectively cools theamplifier, thereby maintaining within the cabinet favorable operatingconditions which provide for efiicient and dependable operation of allthe structure, including the amplifier 60, over a long service life.

Thus, as shown in FIG. 2, the speakers 44 carried by the arm 42 are conespeakers having axes substantially perpendicular to the arm 42 and faceswhich are generally parallel to the arm 42. Hence, upon rotation of therotor 40, the rotor structure, including the speakers 44, serves as aneffective air propelling vane which generates substantial currents ofair in the immediate vicinity of the annular path of the speakers.

The amplifier 60 is mounted within the vibrato chamber 20 in closeproximity to the annular path of the speakers 44 to be effectivelycooled by the air currents from the moving rotor 40. As shown, theamplifier 60 is mounted alongside the rear wall or panel 70 of thecabinet which defines an opening 72 alongside the amplifier which allowscooling air passing over the amplifier from the rotor 40 to escape fromthe cabinet.

Structural components of the second embodiment of the inventionillustrated in FIGS. to 12, which form counterparts of components of thefirst embodiment of the invention previously described, are identifiedby the same reference numbers with the addition of the sufiix h. In thissecond embodiment of the invention, which is identified generally by thereference number 80, a pair of low frequency or bass speakers 22w aremounted in f the bass chamber 18a formed in the lower portion of thetone cabinet 14a.

As shown, the two speakers 22a are mounted on a vertical speaker panel82 forming a part of the cabinet 14a and located just behind a louveredfront panel 84 of the cabinet. In this embodiment of the invention, arelatively thin high frequency chamber 20:: is defined in the top of thecabinet 14a between the top cover or panel 86 of the cabinet and anunderlying support deck or transverse panel 88. The deck 88 is spacedsomewhat above the horizontal partition 16a covering the bass chamber18a.

The amplifier 60a is supported on the transverse partition 16a inimmediately underlying relation to a large air cooling opening 5'0defined in the deck 88. Amplifier cooling air is drawn into the space92, FIG. 6, between the partition 16a and deck '88 through an opening 94in a rear panel 96 of the cabinet 14a. Air entering the amplifier space92 in the cabinet cools the amplifier and is exhausted up through theopening into the high frequency chamber 20a through the cumulativeaction of convection currents and the suction effect of the bloweraction of the high frequency rotor 40a mounted in the chamber 20a, aswill presently appear.

The amplifier cooling air is drawn into the high frequency chamber 20athrough the opening 90 and is discharged from the chamber 20a throughopenings 100 in the speaker panel 82 and through louvered openings 102,104 in the front and side panels of the cabinet.

The rotor 40a is journaled for rotation between two horizontal plates106, 108 of a rotor support frame 110 located within the high frequencychamber 20a and providing support within this chamber for the rotordriving motor 50a. It will be noted that the lower plate 108 of theframe 110 is spaced above the horizontal deck 88 to provide space forcirculation of the amplifier cooling air rising through the deck opening90.

As in the previously described embodiment of the invention, two rotaryhigh frequency speakers 44a are supported on the rotor arm 42a in spacedcoaxial rela tion to each other and in spaced relation to the axis ofrotation of the arm 42a. The speakers 44a are cone speakers,approximately four inches in diameter, which are turned back to back toface in opposite directions.

It will be understood from the previous description that the rotatingspeakers 44a serve to generate high frequency sound with vibratoeffects. The efiiciency with which this sound is produced and thequality of the sound are enhanced by interconnecting the two speaker 44aby a cylindrical shroud 112 which coacts with the two speakers to form aclosed compression chamber 114, FIGS. 10 and 11, which effects anacoustical isolation of the adjacent sides of the two speakers 44a fromthe external environment. As shown, the pair of speakers 44a are mountedin and serve to close opposite ends of the cylindrical shroud 112. Thepressure waves from the back or inner sides of the speakers 44a areeffectively contained within the compression chamber 114 so as not tointerfere with or distort the sound pressure waves emanating from theoppositely facing sides of the speakers.

Preferably, the cylindrical shroud 1 12 which extends between and servesas a support for the speakers 44a is attached to the adjacent end of therotor arm 42a by means of a clamp band 116 embracing the cylindricalshroud and secured to the arm, as shown in FIGS. 9 to ll.

Two stationary high frequency speakers 30a are used in this embodimentof the invention. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, both speakers 30a aredisposed within the high frequency chamber 20a and mounted on thespeaker board 82 adjacent high frequency outlet openings 120 in thespeaker board 82. The inner or back sides of the speakers 30a areacoustically isolated from the external environment by means ofdome-like enclosures 122 secured to the panel 84 in enclosing relationto the back sides of the respective speakers, as shown in FIG. 7. Theenclosures or acoustical isolating members 122 preclude interferencewith operation of the speakers 30a by pres-' sure fluctuations withinthe high frequency chamber 20a, While at the same time containingpressure fluctuations emanating from the adjacent sides of therespective speakers, so as to enhance the overall quality of the soundgenerated in the tone cabinet.

This embodiment, like the first embodiment of the invention previouslydescribed, is also adapted to produce sound with a vibrato eifect orwith :a chorus eifect, or without either a chrous or vibrato effect, asdesired. The switching means used to accomplish this will be describedpresently in greater detail.

Provision is made for introducing resonant effects in the sound producedby the tone cabinet 60 at one or more frequencies wtihin the audio rangewhich may differ from the acoustical resonance of the tone cabinetstructure.

It will be understood that the bass chamber 18a, as defined by thespeakers 22a and the structure of the cabinet 14a, will have anacoutical resonance at a frequency dependent upon the size and othersignificant factors in the design of the chamber. Provision is made forelectrically introducing resonance into the production of the sounds ataudio frequencies other than the acoustical resonance of the physicalstructure of the tone cabinet.

As illustrated in FIG. 12, this is accomplished by incorporating anelectrically resonant network 130 into the input for the amplifier 60aAs indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 12, electronic tone signals aresupplied from the tone generator 12a through an output conductor 132which is grounded through a sixteen ohm resistor 134 in an electronicorgan 136 which includes the generator 12a. The electrically resonantcircuit 130 is mounted in the tone cabinet 80 along with the amplifier60a.

In the network 130, the signal imput conductor 132 connects through twoparallel circuit paths 137, 138 with a common output conductor 140. Theoutput conductor 140 connects with the input of the amplifier 60athrough a 220 kilohm resistor 142 and is connected to ground through a100 kilohm volume control rheo'stat 144. The two circuit paths 137, 138are designed to introduce resonance into the signals supplied to theamplifier 60a at resonant frequencies within the audible range.

Thus, the circuit path 137 comprises a 1.5 kilohm resistor 146 and a 27kilohm resistor 148 connected in series between the conductors 132 and140. A conductor 150, between the resistors 146, 148, is connected toground through a grounded 82 kilohm resistor 152 and a 3.2 millihenryvariable inductance 154, which is connected between the conductor 150and the resistor 152 in parallel with a .33 microfarad capacitor 156 anda 100 kilohm resistor 158 connected in series with each other. Theelectrically resonant frequency of the circuit path 137 can be regulatedto have a desired value, by adjustment of the variable inductance 154.

The circuit path 138 comprises a 1.5 kilohm resistor 160 and a 100kilohm resistor 162' connected in series between the conductors 132,140. A conductor 164, extending between the resistors 160, 162, isconnected to ground through a grounded ohm resistor '166 and a 10microfarad capacitor 168' connected between the resistor 166 andconductor 164 in parallel with a 150 ohm resistor 170 and a 750millihenry variable inductance 172 connected in series with each other.

The resonant network 130 is normally used only in the production oforgan sounds from tone signals supplied from an organ 136. A jack 174provides for connecting other sources of electronic sound signals to theamplifier 60a independently of the resonant network 130.

As further indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 12, provision is made forcontrolling the generation of vibratory acoustical eflects in the soundproduced, by means of a simple switch 180 on the organ 136, which switchis connected tothe tone cabinet through only two conductor.

wires 182, 18 4.

In the tone cabinet 80 the coils of three control relays 186, 188, 190are connected in parallel between the conductor 184 and a conductor 192extending to one side of a transformer output winding 194. A .1microfarad capacitor 196 is connected in parallel with the relay coils.The conductor 182 is coupled with the conductor 192 through a 1000microfarad capacitor 198, and connects through a rectifier 200 with theside of the power coil 194 opposite the conductor 192.

As further illustrated in FIG. 12, the output of the amplifier 60a isconnected through a capacitor 222 with the switches 1884, 190-1 of therelays 188, 190, which switches are used to control driving of thestationary high frequency speakers 30a, and rotating speakers 44a, inaccordance with the setting of the switch on the organ 136.

Movement of the switch 180 to a vibrato position disconnects theconductors 182', 184, deenergizing the relays 186, 188, and 190. Thiscauses the switch 188-1 to move to the position illustrated, to effectenergization of the rotating speakers 44a while the switch -1deenergizes the stationary speakers 30a.

Movement of the switch 180 to its chorus position connects theconductors 182, 184 together through a switch resistor 224, to allow abuildup in voltage on the conductor 184 which is sufiicient to energizerelay coil 190 to energize the stationary speakers 30a through relayswitch 190-1.

Movement of the switch 180 to its Ofi position connects the conductors182, 184 directly to each other to apply suflicient voltage to theconductor 184 to energize all three relays 186, 188 and 190. The switch188-1 then deenergizes the rotating speakers 44a while energization ofthe speakers 30a is continued.

The relay 186 controls the generation of tremolo effects in the soundsemitted by the bass speakers 2211. When the switch 180 is in either itschorus or vibrato position the relay 186 is deenergized and the relayswitch [86-1 energizes the speakers 22a through a variable inductance226. The manner in which the inductance 226 is varied to introducetremolo efiect-s into the sound forms no part of the present invention.

Energizati-on of the relay 186 when the switch 180 is turned to its Offposition operates the switch 186-1 to energize the speakers 22a througha nonvaryin-g inductance 228.

The invention is claimed as follows:

1. For producing musical sound with a vibrato effect from electronictone signals requiring amplification, a sound generating unit includinga sound cabinet defining therein an amplifier chamber and a vibratochamber located above said amplifier chamber and being separated fromthe amplifier chamber by a horizontal partition member, said cabinetdefining a cooling air inlet opening into said amplifier chamber, saidcabinet defining an outlet opening from said vibrato chamber for soundand heated air, an electronic amplifier mounted in said amplifierchamber, said partition member defining a chimney opening therethroughlocated above said amplifier to allow air heated by said amplifier insaid amplifier chamber to rise upwardly into said vibrato chamber, aspeaker support mounted for rotation within said vibrato chamber about agenerally vertical axis, a speaker electrically coupled to saidamplifier and being mounted on said speaker support in spaced relationto said axis about which the support rotates, a motor connected torotate said speaker support to move said speaker thnough an annularpath, said vibrato chamber having a height which is only a fraction ofthe diameter of the annular path of the speaker, and said chimneyopening through said partition being located closer to the axis ofrotation of said support than is said outlet opening from the vibratochamber so that air rising through said chimney opening is propelledoutwardly through said outlet opening by the rotating speaker andsupport.

2. For producing musical sound with a vibrato effect from electronictone signals requiring amplification, a sound generating unit includinga sound cabinet defining therein an amplifier chamber and a vibratochamber 10- cated above said amplifier chamber and being separated fromthe amplifier chamber by a horizontal partition member, said cabinetdefining a cooling air inlet opening into said amplifier chamber, saidcabinet defining an outlet opening from said vibrato chamber for soundand heated air, an electronic amplifier mounted in said amplifierchamber, said partition member defining a chimney opening therethroughlocated above said amplifier to allow air heated by said amplifier insaid amplifier chamber to rise upwardly into said vibrato chamber, aspeaker support mounted for rotation within said vibrato chamber about agenerally vertical axis, a hollow chamber member of generallycylindrical form carried by said speaker support in spaced relation tosaid axis about which the support rotates, two speakers electricallycoupled to said amplifer and being fixed to opposite ends of the chambermember so that the chamber member and the speakers together form aclosed chamber for acoustically isolating the two adjacent sides of thespeakers from the external environment, a motor connected to rotate saidspeaker support to move said speakers through an annular path, saidvibrato chamber having a height which is only a fraction of the diameterof the annular path of the speakers, and said chimney opening throughsaid partition being located closer to the axis of rotation of saidsupport than is said outlet opening from the vibrato chamber so that airrising through said chimney opening is propelled outwardly through saidoutlet opening by the rotating speakers and support.

3. For producing musical sound with a vibrato effect from electronictone signals requiring amplification, a sound generating unit includinga sound cabinet defining therein an amplifier chamber and a vibratochamber located above said amplifier chamber and being separated fromthe amplifier chamber by a horizontal partition member, said cabinetdefining a cooling air inlet opening into said amplifier chamber, saidcabinet defining an outlet opening from said vibrato chamber for soundand heated air, an electronic amplifier mounted in said amplifierchamber, said partition member defining a chimney opening therethroughlocated above said amplifier to al low air heated by said amplifier insaid amplifier chamber to rise upwardly into said vibrato chamber, aspeaker support mounted for rotation within said vibrato chamber about agenerally vertical axis, a speaker electrically coupled to saidamplifier and being mounted on said speaker support in spaced relationto said axis about which the support rotates, a motor connected torotate said speaker support to move said speaker through an annularpath, said vibrato chamber having a height which is only a fraction ofthe diameter of the annular path of the speaker, said chimney openingthrough said partition being located closer to the axis of rotation ofsaid support than is said outlet opening from the vibrato chamher sothat air rising through said chimney opening is propelled outwardlythrough said outlet opening by the rotating speaker and support, saidsound cabinet including means defining therein a bass chamber that isacoustically resonant at one or more frequencies, a bass speaker mountedin said bass chamber and electrically connected to said amplifier, andan electrically resonant electrical network interconnected with saidamplifier to provide in the sound signals amplified by the amplifierresonance at one or more resonant frequencies within the audible rangethat are difierent from the frequencies at which the bass chamber isacoustically resonant.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS2,489,653 Leslie Nov. 29, 1949 2,831,051 Teikowski Aug. 15, 19582,887,000 Leslie May 15, 1959 2,995,054 Leslie Aug. 8, 1961 FOREIGNPATENTS 780,810 Great Britain Aug. 7, 1957

1. FOR PRODUCING MUSICAL SOUND WITH A VIBRATO EFFECT FROM ELECTRONICTONE SIGNALS REQUIRING AMPLIFICATION, A SOUND GENERATING UNIT INCLUDINGA SOUND CABINET DEFINING THEREIN AN AMPLIFIER CHAMBER AND A VIBRATOCHAMBER LOCATED ABOVE SAID AMPLIFIER CHAMBER AND BEING SEPARATED FROMTHE AMPLIFIER CHAMBER BY A HORIZONTAL PARTITION MEMBER, SAID CABINETDEFINING A COOLING AIR INLET OPENING INTO SAID AMPLIFIER CHAMBER, SAIDCABINET DEFINING AN OUTLET OPENING FROM SAID VIBRATO CHAMBER FOR SOUNDAND HEATED AIR, AN ELECTRONIC AMPLIFIER MOUNTED IN SAID AMPLIFIERCHAMBER, SAID PARTITION MEMBER DEFINING A CHIMNEY OPENING THERETHROUGHLOCATED ABOVE SAID AMPLIFIER TO ALLOW AIR HEATED BY SAID AMPLIFIER INSAID AMPLIFIER CHAMBER TO RISE UPWARDLY INTO SAID VIBRATO CHAMBER, ASPEAKER SUPPORT MOUNTED FOR ROTATION WITHIN SAID VIBRATO CHAMBER ABOUT AGENERALLY VERTICAL AXIS, A SPEAKER ELECTRICALLY COUPLED TO SAIDAMPLIFIER AND BEING MOUNTED ON SAID SPEAKER SUPPORT IN SPACED RELATIONTO SAID AXIS ABOUT WHICH THE SUPPORT ROTATES, A MOTOR CONNECTED TOROTATE SAID SPEAKER SUPPORT TO MOVE SAID SPEAKER THROUGH AN ANNULARPATH, SAID VIBRATO CHAMBER HAVING A HEIGHT WHICH IS ONLY A FRACTION OFTHE DIAMETER OF THE ANNULAR PATH OF THE SPEAKER, AND SAID CHIMNEYOPENING THROUGH SAID PARTITION BEING LOCATED CLOSER TO THE AXIS OFROTATION OF SAID SUPPORT THAN IS SAID OUTLET OPENING FROM THE VIBRATOCHAMBER SO THAT AIR RISING THROUGH SAID CHIMNEY OPENING IS PROPELLEDOUTWARDLY THROUGH SAID OUTLET OPENING BY THE ROTATING SPEAKER ANDSUPPORT.